001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.apache.commons.validator.routines; 018 019import java.io.Serializable; 020import java.net.IDN; 021import java.util.Arrays; 022import java.util.List; 023import java.util.Locale; 024 025/** 026 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p> 027 * 028 * <p> 029 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names 030 * and top-level domains. 031 * </p> 032 * 033 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according 034 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>, 035 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>, 036 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of 037 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example, 038 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the 039 * same name would have passed. 040 * </p> 041 * 042 * <p> 043 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and 044 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): 045 * </p> 046 * 047 * <ul> 048 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs 049 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li> 050 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs 051 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li> 052 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs 053 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li> 054 * </ul> 055 * 056 * <p> 057 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or 058 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see 059 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.) 060 * </p> 061 * 062 * @version $Revision$ 063 * @since Validator 1.4 064 */ 065public class DomainValidator implements Serializable { 066 067 /** Maximum allowable length ({@value}) of a domain name */ 068 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253; 069 070 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0]; 071 072 private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L; 073 074 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123) 075 076 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 077 // Max 63 characters 078 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 079 080 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 081 // Max 63 characters 082 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 083 084 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] 085 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas 086 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present. 087 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex) 088 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 089 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX = 090 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$"; 091 092 private static final String UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE = "Unexpected enum value: "; 093 094 private final boolean allowLocal; 095 096 private static class LazyHolder { // IODH 097 098 /** 099 * Singleton instance of this validator, which 100 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid. 101 */ 102 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false); 103 104 /** 105 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does 106 * consider local addresses valid. 107 */ 108 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true); 109 110 } 111 112 /** 113 * The above instances must only be returned via the getInstance() methods. 114 * This is to ensure that the override data arrays are properly protected. 115 */ 116 117 /** 118 * RegexValidator for matching domains. 119 */ 120 private final RegexValidator domainRegex = 121 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX); 122 /** 123 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname 124 */ 125 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 126 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex = 127 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX); 128 129 /** 130 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It 131 * will not consider local addresses as valid. 132 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 133 */ 134 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() { 135 inUse = true; 136 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 137 } 138 139 /** 140 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator, 141 * with local validation as required. 142 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid? 143 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 144 */ 145 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) { 146 inUse = true; 147 if(allowLocal) { 148 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL; 149 } 150 return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 151 } 152 153 /** 154 * Returns a new instance of this validator. 155 * The user can provide a list of {@link Item} entries which can 156 * be used to override the generic and country code lists. 157 * Note that any such entries override values provided by the 158 * {@link #updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} method 159 * If an entry for a particular type is not provided, then 160 * the class override (if any) is retained. 161 * 162 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid? 163 * @param items - array of {@link Item} entries 164 * @return an instance of this validator 165 * @since 1.7 166 */ 167 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal, List<Item> items) { 168 inUse = true; 169 return new DomainValidator(allowLocal, items); 170 } 171 172 // intance variables allowing local overrides 173 final String[] mycountryCodeTLDsMinus; 174 final String[] mycountryCodeTLDsPlus; 175 final String[] mygenericTLDsPlus; 176 final String[] mygenericTLDsMinus; 177 final String[] mylocalTLDsPlus; 178 final String[] mylocalTLDsMinus; 179 /* 180 * N.B. It is vital that instances are immutable. 181 * This is because the default instances are shared. 182 */ 183 184 // N.B. The constructors are deliberately private to avoid possible problems with unsafe publication. 185 // It is vital that the static override arrays are not mutable once they have been used in an instance 186 // The arrays could be copied into the instance variables, however if the static array were changed it could 187 // result in different settings for the shared default instances 188 189 /** 190 * Private constructor. 191 */ 192 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) { 193 this.allowLocal = allowLocal; 194 // link to class overrides 195 mycountryCodeTLDsMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 196 mycountryCodeTLDsPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 197 mygenericTLDsPlus = genericTLDsPlus; 198 mygenericTLDsMinus = genericTLDsMinus; 199 mylocalTLDsPlus = localTLDsPlus; 200 mylocalTLDsMinus = localTLDsMinus; 201 } 202 203 /** 204 * Private constructor, allowing local overrides 205 * @since 1.7 206 */ 207 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal, List<Item> items) { 208 this.allowLocal = allowLocal; 209 210 // default to class overrides 211 String[] ccMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 212 String[] ccPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 213 String[] genMinus = genericTLDsMinus; 214 String[] genPlus = genericTLDsPlus; 215 String[] localMinus = localTLDsMinus; 216 String[] localPlus = localTLDsPlus; 217 218 // apply the instance overrides 219 for(Item item: items) { 220 String [] copy = new String[item.values.length]; 221 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries 222 for (int i = 0; i < item.values.length; i++) { 223 copy[i] = item.values[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); 224 } 225 Arrays.sort(copy); 226 switch(item.type) { 227 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: { 228 ccMinus = copy; 229 break; 230 } 231 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: { 232 ccPlus = copy; 233 break; 234 } 235 case GENERIC_MINUS: { 236 genMinus = copy; 237 break; 238 } 239 case GENERIC_PLUS: { 240 genPlus = copy; 241 break; 242 } 243 case LOCAL_MINUS: { 244 localMinus = copy; 245 break; 246 } 247 case LOCAL_PLUS: { 248 localPlus = copy; 249 break; 250 } 251 default: 252 break; 253 } 254 } 255 256 // init the instance overrides 257 mycountryCodeTLDsMinus = ccMinus; 258 mycountryCodeTLDsPlus = ccPlus; 259 mygenericTLDsMinus = genMinus; 260 mygenericTLDsPlus = genPlus; 261 mylocalTLDsMinus = localMinus; 262 mylocalTLDsPlus = localPlus; 263 } 264 265 /** 266 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses 267 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain. 268 * The parsing is case-insensitive. 269 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax 270 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name 271 */ 272 public boolean isValid(String domain) { 273 if (domain == null) { 274 return false; 275 } 276 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 277 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 278 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 279 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 280 // checks in the regexes below 281 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 282 return false; 283 } 284 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain); 285 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) { 286 return isValidTld(groups[0]); 287 } 288 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain); 289 } 290 291 // package protected for unit test access 292 // must agree with isValid() above 293 final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) { 294 if (domain == null) { 295 return false; 296 } 297 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 298 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 299 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 300 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 301 // checks in the regexes below 302 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 303 return false; 304 } 305 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain); 306 return (groups != null && groups.length > 0) 307 || hostnameRegex.isValid(domain); 308 } 309 310 /** 311 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 312 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. 313 * The search is case-insensitive. 314 * <p> 315 * If allowLocal is true, the TLD is checked using {@link #isValidLocalTld(String)}. 316 * The TLD is then checked against {@link #isValidInfrastructureTld(String)}, 317 * {@link #isValidGenericTld(String)} and {@link #isValidCountryCodeTld(String)} 318 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null 319 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD 320 */ 321 public boolean isValidTld(String tld) { 322 if(allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) { 323 return true; 324 } 325 return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld) 326 || isValidGenericTld(tld) 327 || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld); 328 } 329 330 /** 331 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 332 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are 333 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 334 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null 335 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD 336 */ 337 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) { 338 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 339 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key); 340 } 341 342 /** 343 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 344 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored 345 * if present. The search is case-insensitive. 346 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null 347 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD 348 */ 349 public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) { 350 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 351 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(mygenericTLDsPlus, key)) 352 && !arrayContains(mygenericTLDsMinus, key); 353 } 354 355 /** 356 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 357 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are 358 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 359 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null 360 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD 361 */ 362 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) { 363 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 364 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(mycountryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) 365 && !arrayContains(mycountryCodeTLDsMinus, key); 366 } 367 368 /** 369 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 370 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are 371 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 372 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null 373 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD 374 */ 375 public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) { 376 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 377 return (arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(mylocalTLDsPlus, key)) 378 && !arrayContains(mylocalTLDsMinus, key); 379 } 380 381 /** 382 * Does this instance allow local addresses? 383 * 384 * @return true if local addresses are allowed. 385 * @since 1.7 386 */ 387 public boolean isAllowLocal() { 388 return this.allowLocal; 389 } 390 391 private String chompLeadingDot(String str) { 392 if (str.startsWith(".")) { 393 return str.substring(1); 394 } 395 return str; 396 } 397 398 // --------------------------------------------- 399 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA 400 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at: 401 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt 402 403 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case. 404 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below) 405 406 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db 407 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in 408 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column 409 // For example (as of 2015-01-02): 410 // .bl country-code Not assigned 411 // .um country-code Not assigned 412 413 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 414 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] { 415 "arpa", // internet infrastructure 416 }; 417 418 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 419 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] { 420 // Taken from Version 2020073100, Last Updated Fri Jul 31 07:07:01 2020 UTC 421 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc. 422 "aarp", // aarp AARP 423 "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 424 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd 425 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc. 426 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc. 427 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc. 428 "able", // able Able Inc. 429 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 430 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 431 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC 432 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc 433 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited 434 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC 435 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG 436// "active", // active The Active Network, Inc 437 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd. 438 "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) 439 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc. 440 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC 441 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux 442 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA) 443 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company 444 "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 445 "afl", // afl Australian Football League 446 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa 447 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 448 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC 449 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc. 450// "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. [Not assigned as of Jul 25] 451 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S. 452 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd. 453 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited 454 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 455 "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 456 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited 457 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited 458 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft 459 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company 460 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc. 461 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE 462 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM 463 "amazon", // amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 464 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 465 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc. 466 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 467 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc. 468 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company 469 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam 470 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC 471 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc. 472 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 473 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited 474 "aol", // aol AOL Inc. 475 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC 476 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc. 477 "apple", // apple Apple Inc. 478 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com 479 "arab", // arab League of Arab States 480 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company 481 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED 482 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd. 483 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited 484 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. 485 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 486 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd. 487 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC 488 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc. 489 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd 490 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd. 491 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft 492 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 493 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp. 494 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation 495 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 496 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp. 497 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC 498 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca 499 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 500 "axa", // axa AXA SA 501 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation 502 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 503 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc. 504 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc. 505 "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc. 506 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd 507 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC 508 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 509 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona 510 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC 511 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC 512 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 513 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC 514 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 515 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) 516 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH 517 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH 518 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation 519 "bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation 520 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. 521 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. 522 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona 523 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC 524 "beauty", // beauty L'Oréal 525 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 526 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited 527 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG 528 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd 529 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc. 530 "bet", // bet Afilias plc 531 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited 532 "bible", // bible American Bible Society 533 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited 534 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC 535 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation 536 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC 537 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED 538 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc. 539 "black", // black Afilias Limited 540 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp. 541// "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG 542 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation 543 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC 544 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC 545 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited 546 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 547 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 548// "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro 549 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas 550 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC 551 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH 552 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc. 553 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 554 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited 555 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 556 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 557 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V. 558// "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC 559 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH 560 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA 561 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC 562 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 563 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC 564 "box", // box NS1 Limited 565 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A. 566 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation 567 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc. 568 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD 569 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd. 570 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw 571 "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 572 "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA 573 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC 574 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC 575 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC 576 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC 577 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO. 578 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh 579 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC 580 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC 581 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc. 582 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 583 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC 584 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V. 585 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC 586 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC 587 "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation 588 "canon", // canon Canon Inc. 589 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 590 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC 591 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation 592 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited 593 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc. 594 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC 595 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC 596 "career", // career dotCareer LLC 597 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC 598 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp. 599// "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc. 600 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 601 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V. 602 "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V. 603 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC 604 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC 605 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT 606 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC 607 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 608 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 609 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. 610 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc. 611 "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc. 612 "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company 613 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC 614 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd 615 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN") 616 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute 617 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD 618 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V. 619 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc. 620 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC 621 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co. 622 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC 623 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC 624 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation 625// "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned) 626 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp. 627 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc. 628// "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC. 629 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC 630 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl 631 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 632 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc. 633 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC 634 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc. 635 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation 636 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC 637 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 638 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC 639 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC 640 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp. 641 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC 642 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 643 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC 644 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A. 645 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC 646 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A. 647 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC 648 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC 649 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC 650 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC 651 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 652 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services 653 "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 654 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 655 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC 656 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC 657 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd 658 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC 659 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc. 660 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC 661 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC 662 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD. 663 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 664 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC 665 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 666 "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 667 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC 668 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC 669 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse 670 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 671 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 672 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC 673 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 674 "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants 675 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC 676 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC 677 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC 678 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited 679 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation 680 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited 681 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 682 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC 683 "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc. 684 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S. 685 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK 686 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. 687 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited 688 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc. 689 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd. 690 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation 691 "date", // date dot Date Limited 692 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC 693 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 694 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc. 695 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc. 696 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited 697 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 698 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc. 699 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC 700 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd 701 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC 702 "dell", // dell Dell Inc. 703 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 704 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc. 705 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd. 706 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC 707 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd 708 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC 709 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC 710 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc. 711 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG 712 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC 713 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp. 714 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC 715 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC 716 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC 717 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC 718 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services 719 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation 720 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 721 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. 722 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc. 723 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC 724// "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC. 725 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC 726// "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) 727 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC 728// "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired) 729 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation 730 "download", // download dot Support Limited 731 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc. 732 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation 733 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department 734 "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 735 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 736// "duns", // duns The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation 737 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company 738 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 739 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 740 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 741 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd. 742 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc. 743 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc. 744 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. 745 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE 746 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC 747 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC 748 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA 749 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC 750 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd. 751 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon 752 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC 753// "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG 754 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation 755 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC 756 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson 757 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG 758 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc. 759 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC 760 // "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company (not assigned as at Version 2020062100) 761 "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunic 762 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 763 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa 764 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC 765// "everbank", // everbank EverBank 766 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC 767 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC 768 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC 769 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC 770 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC 771 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A. 772 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC 773 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC 774 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited 775 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd. 776 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd 777 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited 778 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC 779 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange 780 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 781 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 782 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation 783 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 784 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 785 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 786 "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 787 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC 788 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 789 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd 790 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 791 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC 792 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC 793 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 794 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation 795 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited 796 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC 797 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 798 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited 799 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC 800 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 801 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC 802 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc. 803 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC 804 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp. 805// "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22 806 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc. 807 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 808 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 809 "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 810 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC 811 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company 812 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD 813 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC 814 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC 815 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC 816 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC 817 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 818 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH 819 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V. 820 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT 821 "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 822 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation 823 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation 824 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited 825 "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC 826 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc. 827 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC 828 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC 829 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 830 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC 831 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL 832 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC 833 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 834 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc. 835 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp. 836 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd. 837 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc. 838 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 839 "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC 840 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc. 841 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems" 842 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft 843 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA 844 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd. 845 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 846 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc. 847 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp. 848 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC 849 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd. 850 "giving", // giving Giving Limited 851 "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 852 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC 853 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc. 854 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited 855 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A 856 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc. 857 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC 858 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc. 859 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH 860 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC 861 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC 862 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 863 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC 864 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc. 865// "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company 866 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 867 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc. 868 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc. 869 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc. 870 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 871 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration) 872 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC 873 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC 874 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC 875 "green", // green Afilias Limited 876 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC 877 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 878 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC 879 "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America 880 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a. 881 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc. 882 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC 883 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp. 884 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC 885 "hair", // hair L'Oreal 886 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH 887 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc. 888 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD. 889 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc. 890 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED 891 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited 892 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC 893 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC 894 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp. 895 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki 896 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc. 897 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International 898 "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 899 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp. 900 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc. 901 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd. 902 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V. 903 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited 904 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC 905 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC 906 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC 907 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc. 908 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc. 909 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC 910 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc. 911 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd. 912// "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC 913 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 914 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC 915 "host", // host DotHost Inc. 916 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp. 917 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 918 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL 919 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V. 920 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation 921 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC 922 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc. 923 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC 924// "htc", // htc HTC corporation (Not assigned) 925 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 926 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C. 927 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company 928 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation 929 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 930 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. 931 "icu", // icu One.com A/S 932 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC 933 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh 934// "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired) 935 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A. 936 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 937 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 938 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC 939 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd. 940 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc. 941 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC 942 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 943 "info", // info Afilias Limited 944 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc. 945 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC 946 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC 947 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC 948 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC 949 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 950 "intel", // intel Intel Corporation 951 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC 952 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 953 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC 954 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A. 955 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC 956// "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd 957 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 958 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality 959 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S. 960 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A. 961 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited 962 "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V. 963// "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc. 964 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 965 "java", // java Oracle Corporation 966 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd. 967 "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc. 968 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC. 969 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB 970 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC 971 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc. 972// "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc. 973 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 974 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC 975 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 976 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC 977 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 978 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 979 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 980 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co. 981 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. 982 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp. 983 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC. 984 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd. 985 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION 986 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited 987 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited 988 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited 989 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House 990 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION 991 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited 992 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 993 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 994 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC 995 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED 996 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 997 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd. 998 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC 999 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft) 1000 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V. 1001 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology 1002 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd 1003 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1004 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen 1005 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA 1006// "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC 1007 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 1008 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 1009 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER 1010 "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 1011// "lancome", // lancome L'Oréal 1012 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC 1013 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 1014 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation 1015 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 1016 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico 1017 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation 1018 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University 1019 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited 1020 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1021 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC 1022 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC 1023 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc 1024 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc. 1025 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC 1026 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S 1027 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 1028 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited 1029// "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated 1030 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 1031 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC 1032 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers 1033 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1034 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC 1035 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1036 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company 1037 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC 1038 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC 1039 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company 1040 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft 1041 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp. 1042 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd 1043 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1044 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1045 "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation 1046 "llc", // llc Afilias plc 1047 "llp", // llp Dot Registry LLC 1048 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited 1049 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC 1050 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation 1051 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC 1052 "loft", // loft Annco, Inc. 1053 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp. 1054 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited 1055 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. 1056 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited 1057 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP 1058 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc. 1059 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc. 1060 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC 1061 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp. 1062 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S 1063 "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED 1064 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1065 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC 1066 "macys", // macys Macys, Inc. 1067 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid 1068 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) 1069 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC 1070 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal 1071 "man", // man MAN SE 1072 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC 1073 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L. 1074 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1075 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd 1076 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC 1077 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD 1078 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation 1079 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc. 1080 "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 1081 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc. 1082 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC 1083// "mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned) 1084// "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned) 1085 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc. 1086 "med", // med Medistry LLC 1087 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC 1088 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited 1089 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation 1090 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1091 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC 1092 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited 1093 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC 1094// "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A. 1095 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 1096 "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC 1097 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1098 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation 1099 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center 1100 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 1101 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 1102 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1103 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation 1104 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 1105 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association 1106 "mma", // mma MMA IARD 1107 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi 1108 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation 1109// "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 1110 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1111 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd. 1112 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1113 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp. 1114 "monash", // monash Monash University 1115 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC 1116 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc. 1117// "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned) 1118// "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC. 1119 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant") 1120 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1121 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 1122 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC 1123 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC 1124 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1125 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC 1126// "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A. 1127 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 1128 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited 1129// "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (Retired) 1130 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited 1131 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association 1132 "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC 1133// "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired) 1134 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited 1135// "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc 1136 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc. 1137 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc. 1138 "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 1139 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A. 1140 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1141 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC 1142 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation 1143 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services 1144 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 1145 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc. 1146 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC 1147 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc. 1148 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1149 "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V. 1150 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1151 "next", // next Next plc 1152 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc 1153 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1154 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC 1155 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry 1156 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) 1157 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd. 1158 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc. 1159 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION 1160 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1161 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 1162 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company 1163 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation 1164 "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC 1165 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation 1166 "now", // now Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1167 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1168 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited 1169 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC. 1170 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH 1171 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION 1172 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications 1173 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA 1174 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1175 "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1176 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation 1177 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc. 1178 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH 1179 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH 1180 "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc. 1181 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation 1182 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd 1183 "one", // one One.com A/S 1184 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry 1185 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1186 "online", // online DotOnline Inc. 1187 "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 1188 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED 1189 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 1190 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation 1191 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited 1192 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR) 1193 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited 1194// "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express (retired 2017-04-11) 1195 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 1196 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd. 1197 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. 1198 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation 1199 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS 1200 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1201// "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. (Not assigned) 1202 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation 1203// "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc. 1204 "paris", // paris City of Paris 1205 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1206 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC 1207 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC 1208 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited 1209 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL 1210 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1211 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited 1212 "pet", // pet Afilias plc 1213 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc. 1214 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 1215 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1216 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1217 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation 1218 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp. 1219 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC 1220 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC 1221 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd 1222// "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc. 1223 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp. 1224 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A. 1225 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC 1226 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1227 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1228 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc. 1229 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited 1230 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation 1231 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC 1232 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC 1233 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1234 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. 1235 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC 1236 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC 1237 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC 1238 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1239 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited 1240 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland 1241 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC 1242 "post", // post Universal Postal Union 1243 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc. 1244 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A. 1245 "press", // press DotPress Inc. 1246 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1247 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro 1248 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1249 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC 1250 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1251 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company 1252 "promo", // promo Afilias plc 1253 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC 1254 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp. 1255 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC 1256 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc. 1257 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc. 1258 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1259 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 1260 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc. 1261 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc 1262 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited 1263 "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc. 1264 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited 1265 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 1266 "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1267 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1268 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC 1269 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC 1270 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC 1271 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC 1272 "red", // red Afilias Limited 1273 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd. 1274 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC 1275 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1276 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC 1277 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC 1278 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. 1279 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited 1280 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd. 1281 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC 1282 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC 1283 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC 1284 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC 1285 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1286 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 1287 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC 1288 "review", // review dot Review Limited 1289 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 1290 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH 1291 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1292 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited 1293 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd. 1294 // "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. (retired 2020-07-31) 1295 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited 1296 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO 1297 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1298 "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology 1299 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 1300 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD. 1301 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1302 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 1303 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1304 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1305 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited 1306 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG 1307 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC 1308 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG 1309 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc. 1310 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH 1311 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1312 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC. 1313 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc. 1314 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1315 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC 1316 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1317 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1318 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB 1319 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB 1320 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi 1321 "sap", // sap SAP AG 1322// "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A. 1323 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC 1324 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC 1325 "save", // save Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1326 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S 1327 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA 1328 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION 1329 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ) 1330 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB") 1331 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG 1332 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S. 1333 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC 1334 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC 1335 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC 1336 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 1337 "science", // science dot Science Limited 1338 "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1339 // "scor", // scor SCOR SE (not assigned as at Version 2020062100) 1340 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited 1341 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1342 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal) 1343 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1344 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC 1345 "seek", // seek Seek Limited 1346 "select", // select iSelect Ltd 1347 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. 1348 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC 1349 "ses", // ses SES 1350 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd 1351 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG 1352 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC 1353 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp. 1354 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR 1355 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1356 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation 1357 "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P. 1358 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc 1359 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1360 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited 1361 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC 1362 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc. 1363 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC 1364 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1365 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC 1366 "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc. 1367 "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd. 1368 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1369 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation 1370 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC 1371 "site", // site DotSite Inc. 1372 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED 1373 "skin", // skin L'Oréal 1374 "sky", // sky Sky International AG 1375 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation 1376 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 1377 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART) 1378 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1379 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais) 1380 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC 1381 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1382 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp. 1383 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1384 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited 1385 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC 1386 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC 1387 "song", // song Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1388 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation 1389 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1390 "space", // space DotSpace Inc. 1391// "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG 1392 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) 1393 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1394 "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD 1395 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp. 1396// "srt", // srt FCA US LLC. 1397 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG 1398 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc. 1399 "star", // star Star India Private Limited 1400// "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited 1401 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA 1402 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1403// "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA 1404 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company 1405 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company 1406 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun 1407 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC 1408 "store", // store DotStore Inc. 1409 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited 1410 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1411 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 1412 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC 1413 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd. 1414 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC 1415 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC 1416 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC 1417 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1418 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC 1419 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION 1420 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd 1421 "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited 1422 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation 1423 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet 1424// "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation [Not assigned as of Jul 25] 1425 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC 1426 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited 1427 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government 1428 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1429 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1430 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC 1431 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd 1432 "tatar", // tatar LLC "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic" 1433 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp. 1434 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC 1435 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC 1436 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1437 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation 1438 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC 1439 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC 1440 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC 1441 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd. 1442// "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited 1443// "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A. 1444 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1445 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC 1446 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 1447 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc. 1448 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC 1449 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC 1450 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America 1451 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited 1452 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC 1453 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company 1454 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC 1455 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC 1456 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH 1457 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1458 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1459 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1460 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1461 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC 1462 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc. 1463 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC 1464 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd. 1465 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc. 1466 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation 1467 "total", // total Total SA 1468 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC 1469 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC 1470 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 1471 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC 1472 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited 1473 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD 1474 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC 1475 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC. 1476 "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1477 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC 1478 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC 1479 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc 1480 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC 1481 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC 1482 "tui", // tui TUI AG 1483 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1484 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1485 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED 1486 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited 1487 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG 1488// "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC. 1489 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1490 "university", // university Little Station, LLC 1491 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC 1492 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA. 1493 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc. 1494 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC 1495 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1496 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc. 1497 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc. 1498 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC 1499 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc. 1500 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH 1501 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1502 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC 1503 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1504 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe 1505 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 1506 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC 1507 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC 1508 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited 1509 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited 1510 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited 1511 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC 1512// "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited 1513// "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited 1514 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company 1515 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A. 1516 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw 1517 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1518 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc. 1519 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag 1520 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC 1521 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp. 1522 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC 1523 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC 1524 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL 1525 "wales", // wales Nominet UK 1526 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1527 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB 1528 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited 1529 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1530// "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited 1531 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC 1532 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc. 1533 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC 1534 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC 1535 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited 1536 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA 1537 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc. 1538 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc. 1539 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1540 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation 1541 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited 1542 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry 1543 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH 1544 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC 1545 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited 1546 "win", // win First Registry Limited 1547 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation 1548 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC 1549 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc. 1550 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC 1551 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V. 1552 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited 1553 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1554 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC 1555 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC 1556 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1557 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc. 1558 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC 1559 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation 1560 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC 1561 "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 1562 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1563 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited 1564 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl 1565 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1566 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1567 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited 1568 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited 1569 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1570 "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. 1571 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl 1572 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl 1573 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited 1574 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment 1575 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1576 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1577 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1578 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited 1579 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited 1580 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited 1581 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 1582 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1583 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association 1584 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association 1585 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1586 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc) 1587 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl 1588 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED 1589 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation 1590 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1591 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1592 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry 1593 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl 1594 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1595 "xn--cckwcxetd", // アマゾン Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1596 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1597 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED 1598 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC 1599 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited 1600 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet” 1601 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1602 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社 1603// "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 1604 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1605 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl 1606 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1607 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation 1608 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC 1609 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1610 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited 1611 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited 1612 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1613 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1614 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited 1615 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry 1616 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED 1617 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1618 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl 1619 "xn--jlq480n2rg", // 亚马逊 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1620 "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation 1621 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1622 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1623// "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25] 1624 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd 1625 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company 1626 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH 1627 "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) 1628 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association 1629// "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 1630 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 1631 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1632 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1633 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl 1634 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd. 1635 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd. 1636 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House 1637 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States 1638 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry 1639 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry 1640 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited 1641 "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited 1642 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited 1643// "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25] 1644 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl 1645 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1646 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1647 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited 1648 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1649 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd 1650 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl 1651 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl 1652 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1653 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC 1654 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1655 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1656 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC 1657 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd. 1658 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1659 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1660 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1661 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1662// "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB 1663 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC 1664 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC 1665 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC 1666 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 1667 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1668 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC 1669 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 1670 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1671 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc. 1672 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1673 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1674 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1675 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1676 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.) 1677 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1678 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1679// "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company 1680 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC 1681 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich) 1682}; 1683 1684 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1685 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = new String[] { 1686 // Taken from Version 2020051000, Last Updated Sun May 10 07:07:01 2020 UTC 1687 "ac", // Ascension Island 1688 "ad", // Andorra 1689 "ae", // United Arab Emirates 1690 "af", // Afghanistan 1691 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda 1692 "ai", // Anguilla 1693 "al", // Albania 1694 "am", // Armenia 1695// "an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired) 1696 "ao", // Angola 1697 "aq", // Antarctica 1698 "ar", // Argentina 1699 "as", // American Samoa 1700 "at", // Austria 1701 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands) 1702 "aw", // Aruba 1703 "ax", // Åland 1704 "az", // Azerbaijan 1705 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina 1706 "bb", // Barbados 1707 "bd", // Bangladesh 1708 "be", // Belgium 1709 "bf", // Burkina Faso 1710 "bg", // Bulgaria 1711 "bh", // Bahrain 1712 "bi", // Burundi 1713 "bj", // Benin 1714 "bm", // Bermuda 1715 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam 1716 "bo", // Bolivia 1717 "br", // Brazil 1718 "bs", // Bahamas 1719 "bt", // Bhutan 1720 "bv", // Bouvet Island 1721 "bw", // Botswana 1722 "by", // Belarus 1723 "bz", // Belize 1724 "ca", // Canada 1725 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1726 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) 1727 "cf", // Central African Republic 1728 "cg", // Republic of the Congo 1729 "ch", // Switzerland 1730 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire 1731 "ck", // Cook Islands 1732 "cl", // Chile 1733 "cm", // Cameroon 1734 "cn", // China, mainland 1735 "co", // Colombia 1736 "cr", // Costa Rica 1737 "cu", // Cuba 1738 "cv", // Cape Verde 1739 "cw", // Curaçao 1740 "cx", // Christmas Island 1741 "cy", // Cyprus 1742 "cz", // Czech Republic 1743 "de", // Germany 1744 "dj", // Djibouti 1745 "dk", // Denmark 1746 "dm", // Dominica 1747 "do", // Dominican Republic 1748 "dz", // Algeria 1749 "ec", // Ecuador 1750 "ee", // Estonia 1751 "eg", // Egypt 1752 "er", // Eritrea 1753 "es", // Spain 1754 "et", // Ethiopia 1755 "eu", // European Union 1756 "fi", // Finland 1757 "fj", // Fiji 1758 "fk", // Falkland Islands 1759 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia 1760 "fo", // Faroe Islands 1761 "fr", // France 1762 "ga", // Gabon 1763 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom) 1764 "gd", // Grenada 1765 "ge", // Georgia 1766 "gf", // French Guiana 1767 "gg", // Guernsey 1768 "gh", // Ghana 1769 "gi", // Gibraltar 1770 "gl", // Greenland 1771 "gm", // The Gambia 1772 "gn", // Guinea 1773 "gp", // Guadeloupe 1774 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea 1775 "gr", // Greece 1776 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1777 "gt", // Guatemala 1778 "gu", // Guam 1779 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau 1780 "gy", // Guyana 1781 "hk", // Hong Kong 1782 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands 1783 "hn", // Honduras 1784 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska) 1785 "ht", // Haiti 1786 "hu", // Hungary 1787 "id", // Indonesia 1788 "ie", // Ireland (Éire) 1789 "il", // Israel 1790 "im", // Isle of Man 1791 "in", // India 1792 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory 1793 "iq", // Iraq 1794 "ir", // Iran 1795 "is", // Iceland 1796 "it", // Italy 1797 "je", // Jersey 1798 "jm", // Jamaica 1799 "jo", // Jordan 1800 "jp", // Japan 1801 "ke", // Kenya 1802 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan 1803 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer) 1804 "ki", // Kiribati 1805 "km", // Comoros 1806 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis 1807 "kp", // North Korea 1808 "kr", // South Korea 1809 "kw", // Kuwait 1810 "ky", // Cayman Islands 1811 "kz", // Kazakhstan 1812 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles) 1813 "lb", // Lebanon 1814 "lc", // Saint Lucia 1815 "li", // Liechtenstein 1816 "lk", // Sri Lanka 1817 "lr", // Liberia 1818 "ls", // Lesotho 1819 "lt", // Lithuania 1820 "lu", // Luxembourg 1821 "lv", // Latvia 1822 "ly", // Libya 1823 "ma", // Morocco 1824 "mc", // Monaco 1825 "md", // Moldova 1826 "me", // Montenegro 1827 "mg", // Madagascar 1828 "mh", // Marshall Islands 1829 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia 1830 "ml", // Mali 1831 "mm", // Myanmar 1832 "mn", // Mongolia 1833 "mo", // Macau 1834 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands 1835 "mq", // Martinique 1836 "mr", // Mauritania 1837 "ms", // Montserrat 1838 "mt", // Malta 1839 "mu", // Mauritius 1840 "mv", // Maldives 1841 "mw", // Malawi 1842 "mx", // Mexico 1843 "my", // Malaysia 1844 "mz", // Mozambique 1845 "na", // Namibia 1846 "nc", // New Caledonia 1847 "ne", // Niger 1848 "nf", // Norfolk Island 1849 "ng", // Nigeria 1850 "ni", // Nicaragua 1851 "nl", // Netherlands 1852 "no", // Norway 1853 "np", // Nepal 1854 "nr", // Nauru 1855 "nu", // Niue 1856 "nz", // New Zealand 1857 "om", // Oman 1858 "pa", // Panama 1859 "pe", // Peru 1860 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island 1861 "pg", // Papua New Guinea 1862 "ph", // Philippines 1863 "pk", // Pakistan 1864 "pl", // Poland 1865 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon 1866 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands 1867 "pr", // Puerto Rico 1868 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip) 1869 "pt", // Portugal 1870 "pw", // Palau 1871 "py", // Paraguay 1872 "qa", // Qatar 1873 "re", // Réunion 1874 "ro", // Romania 1875 "rs", // Serbia 1876 "ru", // Russia 1877 "rw", // Rwanda 1878 "sa", // Saudi Arabia 1879 "sb", // Solomon Islands 1880 "sc", // Seychelles 1881 "sd", // Sudan 1882 "se", // Sweden 1883 "sg", // Singapore 1884 "sh", // Saint Helena 1885 "si", // Slovenia 1886 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no) 1887 "sk", // Slovakia 1888 "sl", // Sierra Leone 1889 "sm", // San Marino 1890 "sn", // Senegal 1891 "so", // Somalia 1892 "sr", // Suriname 1893 "ss", // ss National Communication Authority (NCA) 1894 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe 1895 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated) 1896 "sv", // El Salvador 1897 "sx", // Sint Maarten 1898 "sy", // Syria 1899 "sz", // Swaziland 1900 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands 1901 "td", // Chad 1902 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1903 "tg", // Togo 1904 "th", // Thailand 1905 "tj", // Tajikistan 1906 "tk", // Tokelau 1907 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code) 1908 "tm", // Turkmenistan 1909 "tn", // Tunisia 1910 "to", // Tonga 1911// "tp", // East Timor (Retired) 1912 "tr", // Turkey 1913 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago 1914 "tv", // Tuvalu 1915 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China 1916 "tz", // Tanzania 1917 "ua", // Ukraine 1918 "ug", // Uganda 1919 "uk", // United Kingdom 1920 "us", // United States of America 1921 "uy", // Uruguay 1922 "uz", // Uzbekistan 1923 "va", // Vatican City State 1924 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1925 "ve", // Venezuela 1926 "vg", // British Virgin Islands 1927 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands 1928 "vn", // Vietnam 1929 "vu", // Vanuatu 1930 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna 1931 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) 1932 "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India 1933 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency) 1934 "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India 1935 "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India 1936 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India 1937 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division 1938 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan 1939 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS) 1940 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc. 1941 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1942 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje 1943 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl 1944 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center 1945 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center 1946 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India 1947 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry 1948 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India 1949 "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India 1950 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India 1951 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India 1952 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc. 1953 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd. 1954 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1955 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1956 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd 1957 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST 1958 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1959 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) 1960 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1961 "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya 1962 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation 1963 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC) 1964 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India 1965 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India 1966 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT) 1967 "xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a", // البحرين Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1968 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission 1969 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India 1970 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society 1971 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC) 1972 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad 1973 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT) 1974 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC) 1975 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation 1976 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS) 1977 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU 1978 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet 1979 "xn--q7ce6a", // ລາວ Lao National Internet Center (LANIC) 1980 "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl 1981 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR 1982 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India 1983 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India 1984 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA 1985 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority 1986 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry 1987 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India 1988 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society 1989 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1990 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT) 1991 "ye", // Yemen 1992 "yt", // Mayotte 1993 "za", // South Africa 1994 "zm", // Zambia 1995 "zw", // Zimbabwe 1996 }; 1997 1998 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1999 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = new String[] { 2000 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain 2001 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined 2002 }; 2003 2004 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones. 2005 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys 2006 2007 /* 2008 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called. 2009 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called. 2010 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from 2011 * synchronized methods. 2012 */ 2013 private static boolean inUse = false; 2014 2015 /* 2016 * These arrays are mutable. 2017 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and readers must first get an instance 2018 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised. 2019 * The only other access is via getTLDEntries which is now synchronised. 2020 */ 2021 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 2022 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 2023 2024 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 2025 private static String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 2026 2027 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 2028 private static String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 2029 2030 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 2031 private static String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 2032 2033 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 2034 private static String[] localTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 2035 2036 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 2037 private static String[] localTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 2038 2039 /** 2040 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} 2041 * to determine which override array to update / fetch 2042 * @since 1.5.0 2043 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references 2044 */ 2045 public enum ArrayType { 2046 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */ 2047 GENERIC_PLUS, 2048 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */ 2049 GENERIC_MINUS, 2050 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */ 2051 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS, 2052 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */ 2053 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS, 2054 /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */ 2055 GENERIC_RO, 2056 /** Get a copy of the country code table */ 2057 COUNTRY_CODE_RO, 2058 /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */ 2059 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO, 2060 /** Get a copy of the local table */ 2061 LOCAL_RO, 2062 /** 2063 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional local TLDs 2064 * @since 1.7 2065 */ 2066 LOCAL_PLUS, 2067 /** 2068 * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted local TLDs 2069 * @since 1.7 2070 */ 2071 LOCAL_MINUS 2072 ; 2073 } 2074 2075 /** 2076 * Used to specify overrides when creating a new class. 2077 * @since 1.7 2078 */ 2079 public static class Item { 2080 final ArrayType type; 2081 final String[] values; 2082 /** 2083 * 2084 * @param type ArrayType, e.g. GENERIC_PLUS, LOCAL_PLUS 2085 * @param values array of TLDs. Will be lower-cased and sorted 2086 */ 2087 public Item(ArrayType type, String[] values) { 2088 this.type = type; 2089 this.values = values; // no need to copy here 2090 } 2091 } 2092 2093 /** 2094 * Update one of the TLD override arrays. 2095 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance. 2096 * <p> 2097 * For example: 2098 * <p> 2099 * {@code DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})} 2100 * <p> 2101 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array. 2102 * 2103 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType} 2104 * Must be one of the following 2105 * <ul> 2106 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li> 2107 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li> 2108 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li> 2109 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li> 2110 * <li>LOCAL_MINUS</li> 2111 * <li>LOCAL_PLUS</li> 2112 * </ul> 2113 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null 2114 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance 2115 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested 2116 * @since 1.5.0 2117 */ 2118 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String [] tlds) { 2119 if (inUse) { 2120 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance"); 2121 } 2122 String [] copy = new String[tlds.length]; 2123 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries 2124 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) { 2125 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); 2126 } 2127 Arrays.sort(copy); 2128 switch(table) { 2129 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 2130 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy; 2131 break; 2132 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 2133 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy; 2134 break; 2135 case GENERIC_MINUS: 2136 genericTLDsMinus = copy; 2137 break; 2138 case GENERIC_PLUS: 2139 genericTLDsPlus = copy; 2140 break; 2141 case LOCAL_MINUS: 2142 localTLDsMinus = copy; 2143 break; 2144 case LOCAL_PLUS: 2145 localTLDsPlus = copy; 2146 break; 2147 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 2148 case GENERIC_RO: 2149 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 2150 case LOCAL_RO: 2151 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table); 2152 default: 2153 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table); 2154 } 2155 } 2156 2157 /** 2158 * Get a copy of a class level internal array. 2159 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values) 2160 * @return a copy of the array 2161 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen) 2162 * @since 1.5.1 2163 */ 2164 public static synchronized String [] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) { 2165 final String[] array; 2166 switch(table) { 2167 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 2168 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 2169 break; 2170 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 2171 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 2172 break; 2173 case GENERIC_MINUS: 2174 array = genericTLDsMinus; 2175 break; 2176 case GENERIC_PLUS: 2177 array = genericTLDsPlus; 2178 break; 2179 case LOCAL_MINUS: 2180 array = localTLDsMinus; 2181 break; 2182 case LOCAL_PLUS: 2183 array = localTLDsPlus; 2184 break; 2185 case GENERIC_RO: 2186 array = GENERIC_TLDS; 2187 break; 2188 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 2189 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS; 2190 break; 2191 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 2192 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS; 2193 break; 2194 case LOCAL_RO: 2195 array = LOCAL_TLDS; 2196 break; 2197 default: 2198 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table); 2199 } 2200 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array 2201 } 2202 2203 /** 2204 * Get a copy of an instance level internal array. 2205 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values) 2206 * @return a copy of the array 2207 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected, e.g. GENERIC_RO 2208 * @since 1.7 2209 */ 2210 public String [] getOverrides(ArrayType table) { 2211 final String[] array; 2212 switch(table) { 2213 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 2214 array = mycountryCodeTLDsMinus; 2215 break; 2216 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 2217 array = mycountryCodeTLDsPlus; 2218 break; 2219 case GENERIC_MINUS: 2220 array = mygenericTLDsMinus; 2221 break; 2222 case GENERIC_PLUS: 2223 array = mygenericTLDsPlus; 2224 break; 2225 case LOCAL_MINUS: 2226 array = mylocalTLDsMinus; 2227 break; 2228 case LOCAL_PLUS: 2229 array = mylocalTLDsPlus; 2230 break; 2231 default: 2232 throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table); 2233 } 2234 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array 2235 } 2236 /** 2237 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode. 2238 * If conversion fails, returns the original input. 2239 * 2240 * @param input the string to convert, not null 2241 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails 2242 */ 2243 // Needed by UrlValidator 2244 static String unicodeToASCII(String input) { 2245 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing 2246 return input; 2247 } 2248 try { 2249 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input); 2250 if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) { 2251 return ascii; 2252 } 2253 final int length = input.length(); 2254 if (length == 0) {// check there is a last character 2255 return input; 2256 } 2257 // RFC3490 3.1. 1) 2258 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following 2259 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 2260 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 2261 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop). 2262 char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1);// fetch original last char 2263 switch(lastChar) { 2264 case '\u002E': // "." full stop 2265 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop 2266 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop 2267 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop 2268 return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop 2269 default: 2270 return ascii; 2271 } 2272 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid 2273 return input; 2274 } 2275 } 2276 2277 private static class IDNBUGHOLDER { 2278 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() { 2279 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name 2280 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input)); 2281 } 2282 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot(); 2283 } 2284 2285 /* 2286 * Check if input contains only ASCII 2287 * Treats null as all ASCII 2288 */ 2289 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) { 2290 if (input == null) { 2291 return true; 2292 } 2293 for(int i=0; i < input.length(); i++) { 2294 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber 2295 return false; 2296 } 2297 } 2298 return true; 2299 } 2300 2301 /** 2302 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key 2303 * 2304 * @param sortedArray the array to search 2305 * @param key the key to find 2306 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key 2307 */ 2308 private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) { 2309 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0; 2310 } 2311}