001/*
002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
008 *
009 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010 *
011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015 * limitations under the License.
016 */
017package org.apache.commons.validator.routines;
018
019import java.io.Serializable;
020import java.net.IDN;
021import java.util.Arrays;
022import java.util.List;
023import java.util.Locale;
024
025/**
026 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p>
027 *
028 * <p>
029 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
030 * and top-level domains.
031 * </p>
032 *
033 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according
034 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
035 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
036 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
037 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
038 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
039 * same name would have passed.
040 * </p>
041 *
042 * <p>
043 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
044 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
045 * </p>
046 *
047 *   <ul>
048 *     <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
049 *         (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li>
050 *     <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
051 *         (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li>
052 *     <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
053 *         (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li>
054 *   </ul>
055 *
056 * <p>
057 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
058 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
059 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
060 * </p>
061 *
062 * @version $Revision$
063 * @since Validator 1.4
064 */
065public class DomainValidator implements Serializable {
066
067    /** Maximum allowable length ({@value}) of a domain name */
068    private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
069
070    private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0];
071
072    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L;
073
074    // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
075
076    // RFC2396: domainlabel   = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
077    // Max 63 characters
078    private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
079
080    // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
081    // Max 63 characters
082    private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
083
084    // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
085    // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
086    // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
087    // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
088    // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
089    private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
090            "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
091
092    private static final String UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE = "Unexpected enum value: ";
093
094    private final boolean allowLocal;
095
096    private static class LazyHolder { // IODH
097
098        /**
099         * Singleton instance of this validator, which
100         *  doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
101         */
102        private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
103
104        /**
105         * Singleton instance of this validator, which does
106         *  consider local addresses valid.
107         */
108        private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
109
110    }
111
112    /**
113     * The above instances must only be returned via the getInstance() methods.
114     * This is to ensure that the override data arrays are properly protected.
115     */
116
117    /**
118     * RegexValidator for matching domains.
119     */
120    private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
121            new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
122    /**
123     * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
124     */
125    // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
126    private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
127            new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
128
129    /**
130     * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It
131     *  will not consider local addresses as valid.
132     * @return the singleton instance of this validator
133     */
134    public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
135        inUse = true;
136        return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
137    }
138
139    /**
140     * Returns the singleton instance of this validator,
141     *  with local validation as required.
142     * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
143     * @return the singleton instance of this validator
144     */
145    public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) {
146        inUse = true;
147        if(allowLocal) {
148            return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
149        }
150        return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
151    }
152
153    /**
154     * Returns a new instance of this validator.
155     * The user can provide a list of {@link Item} entries which can
156     * be used to override the generic and country code lists.
157     * Note that any such entries override values provided by the
158     * {@link #updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} method
159     * If an entry for a particular type is not provided, then
160     * the class override (if any) is retained.
161     *
162     * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
163     * @param items - array of {@link Item} entries
164     * @return an instance of this validator
165     * @since 1.7
166     */
167    public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal, List<Item> items) {
168        inUse = true;
169        return new DomainValidator(allowLocal, items);
170    }
171
172    // intance variables allowing local overrides
173    final String[] mycountryCodeTLDsMinus;
174    final String[] mycountryCodeTLDsPlus;
175    final String[] mygenericTLDsPlus;
176    final String[] mygenericTLDsMinus;
177    final String[] mylocalTLDsPlus;
178    final String[] mylocalTLDsMinus;
179    /* 
180     * N.B. It is vital that instances are immutable.
181     * This is because the default instances are shared.
182    */
183
184    // N.B. The constructors are deliberately private to avoid possible problems with unsafe publication.
185    // It is vital that the static override arrays are not mutable once they have been used in an instance
186    // The arrays could be copied into the instance variables, however if the static array were changed it could
187    // result in different settings for the shared default instances
188
189    /**
190     * Private constructor. 
191    */
192    private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) {
193        this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
194        // link to class overrides
195        mycountryCodeTLDsMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
196        mycountryCodeTLDsPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
197        mygenericTLDsPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
198        mygenericTLDsMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
199        mylocalTLDsPlus = localTLDsPlus;
200        mylocalTLDsMinus = localTLDsMinus;
201    }
202
203    /**
204     * Private constructor, allowing local overrides
205     * @since 1.7
206    */
207    private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal,  List<Item> items) { 
208        this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
209
210        // default to class overrides
211        String[] ccMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
212        String[] ccPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
213        String[] genMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
214        String[] genPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
215        String[] localMinus = localTLDsMinus;
216        String[] localPlus = localTLDsPlus;
217
218        // apply the instance overrides
219        for(Item item: items) {
220            String [] copy = new String[item.values.length];
221            // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
222            for (int i = 0; i < item.values.length; i++) {
223                copy[i] = item.values[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
224            }
225            Arrays.sort(copy);
226            switch(item.type) {
227            case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: {
228                ccMinus = copy;
229                break;
230            }
231            case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: {
232                ccPlus = copy;
233                break;
234            }
235            case GENERIC_MINUS: {
236                genMinus = copy;
237                break;
238            }
239            case GENERIC_PLUS: {
240                genPlus = copy;
241                break;
242            }
243            case LOCAL_MINUS: {
244                localMinus = copy;
245                break;
246            }
247            case LOCAL_PLUS: {
248                localPlus = copy;
249                break;
250            }
251            default:
252                break;
253            }
254        }
255
256        // init the instance overrides
257        mycountryCodeTLDsMinus = ccMinus;
258        mycountryCodeTLDsPlus = ccPlus;
259        mygenericTLDsMinus = genMinus;
260        mygenericTLDsPlus = genPlus;
261        mylocalTLDsMinus = localMinus;
262        mylocalTLDsPlus = localPlus;
263    }
264
265    /**
266     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses
267     * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain.
268     * The parsing is case-insensitive.
269     * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax
270     * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name
271     */
272    public boolean isValid(String domain) {
273        if (domain == null) {
274            return false;
275        }
276        domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
277        // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
278        // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
279        // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
280        // checks in the regexes below
281        if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
282            return false;
283        }
284        String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
285        if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
286            return isValidTld(groups[0]);
287        }
288        return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
289    }
290
291    // package protected for unit test access
292    // must agree with isValid() above
293    final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) {
294        if (domain == null) {
295            return false;
296        }
297        domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
298        // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
299        // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
300        // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
301        // checks in the regexes below
302        if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
303            return false;
304        }
305        String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
306        return (groups != null && groups.length > 0)
307                || hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
308    }
309
310    /**
311     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
312     * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present.
313     * The search is case-insensitive.
314     * <p>
315     * If allowLocal is true, the TLD is checked using {@link #isValidLocalTld(String)}.
316     * The TLD is then checked against {@link #isValidInfrastructureTld(String)},
317     * {@link #isValidGenericTld(String)} and {@link #isValidCountryCodeTld(String)}
318     * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null
319     * @return true if the parameter is a TLD
320     */
321    public boolean isValidTld(String tld) {
322        if(allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) {
323            return true;
324        }
325        return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld)
326                || isValidGenericTld(tld)
327                || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld);
328    }
329
330    /**
331     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
332     * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are
333     * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
334     * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null
335     * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD
336     */
337    public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) {
338        final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
339        return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
340    }
341
342    /**
343     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
344     * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored
345     * if present. The search is case-insensitive.
346     * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null
347     * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD
348     */
349    public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) {
350        final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
351        return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(mygenericTLDsPlus, key))
352                && !arrayContains(mygenericTLDsMinus, key);
353    }
354
355    /**
356     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
357     * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are
358     * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
359     * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null
360     * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD
361     */
362    public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) {
363        final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
364        return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(mycountryCodeTLDsPlus, key))
365                && !arrayContains(mycountryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
366    }
367
368    /**
369     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
370     * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are
371     * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
372     * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null
373     * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD
374     */
375    public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) {
376        final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
377        return (arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(mylocalTLDsPlus, key))
378                && !arrayContains(mylocalTLDsMinus, key);
379    }
380
381    /**
382     * Does this instance allow local addresses?
383     *
384     * @return true if local addresses are allowed.
385     * @since 1.7
386     */
387    public boolean isAllowLocal() {
388        return this.allowLocal;
389    }
390
391    private String chompLeadingDot(String str) {
392        if (str.startsWith(".")) {
393            return str.substring(1);
394        }
395        return str;
396    }
397
398    // ---------------------------------------------
399    // ----- TLDs defined by IANA
400    // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
401    // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
402
403    // Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
404    // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
405
406    // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
407    // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
408    // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
409    // For example (as of 2015-01-02):
410    // .bl  country-code    Not assigned
411    // .um  country-code    Not assigned
412
413    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
414    private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] {
415        "arpa",               // internet infrastructure
416    };
417
418    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
419    private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] {
420        // Taken from Version 2020073100, Last Updated Fri Jul 31 07:07:01 2020 UTC
421        "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
422        "aarp", // aarp AARP
423        "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
424        "abb", // abb ABB Ltd
425        "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
426        "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
427        "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
428        "able", // able Able Inc.
429        "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
430        "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
431        "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
432        "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
433        "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
434        "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
435        "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH &amp; Co. KG
436//        "active", // active The Active Network, Inc
437        "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
438        "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
439        "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
440        "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
441        "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
442        "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
443        "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
444        "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
445        "afl", // afl Australian Football League
446        "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa
447        "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
448        "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
449        "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
450//        "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
451        "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
452        "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
453        "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
454        "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
455        "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
456        "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
457        "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
458        "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
459        "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
460        "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
461        "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
462        "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
463        "amazon", // amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
464        "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
465        "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
466        "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
467        "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
468        "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
469        "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
470        "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
471        "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
472        "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
473        "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
474        "aol", // aol AOL Inc.
475        "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
476        "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
477        "apple", // apple Apple Inc.
478        "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
479        "arab", // arab League of Arab States
480        "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
481        "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
482        "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
483        "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
484        "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
485        "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
486        "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
487        "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
488        "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
489        "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
490        "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
491        "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
492        "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
493        "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
494        "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
495        "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
496        "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
497        "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
498        "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
499        "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
500        "axa", // axa AXA SA
501        "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
502        "baby", // baby Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
503        "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
504        "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
505        "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
506        "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
507        "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
508        "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
509        "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
510        "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
511        "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
512        "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
513        "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
514        "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
515        "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
516        "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
517        "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
518        "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
519        "bbt", // bbt BB&amp;T Corporation
520        "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
521        "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
522        "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
523        "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
524        "beauty", // beauty L&#39;Oréal
525        "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
526        "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
527        "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH &amp; Co. KG
528        "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
529        "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
530        "bet", // bet Afilias plc
531        "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
532        "bible", // bible American Bible Society
533        "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
534        "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
535        "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
536        "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
537        "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
538        "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
539        "black", // black Afilias Limited
540        "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
541//        "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG
542        "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
543        "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
544        "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
545        "blue", // blue Afilias Limited
546        "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
547        "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
548//        "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
549        "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
550        "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
551        "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
552        "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
553        "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
554        "bond", // bond Bond University Limited
555        "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
556        "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
557        "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
558//        "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC
559        "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
560        "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
561        "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
562        "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
563        "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
564        "box", // box NS1 Limited
565        "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
566        "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
567        "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
568        "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
569        "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
570        "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
571        "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
572        "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
573        "build", // build Plan Bee LLC
574        "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
575        "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
576        "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
577        "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
578        "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
579        "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
580        "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
581        "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
582        "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
583        "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
584        "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
585        "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
586        "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
587        "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
588        "canon", // canon Canon Inc.
589        "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
590        "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
591        "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
592        "car", // car Cars Registry Limited
593        "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
594        "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
595        "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
596        "career", // career dotCareer LLC
597        "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
598        "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
599//        "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
600        "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
601        "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
602        "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
603        "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
604        "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
605        "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
606        "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
607        "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
608        "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
609        "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
610        "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
611        "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
612        "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
613        "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
614        "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
615        "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research (&quot;CERN&quot;)
616        "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
617        "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
618        "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
619        "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
620        "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC
621        "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
622        "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
623        "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
624        "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
625//        "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
626        "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
627        "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
628//        "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
629        "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
630        "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
631        "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
632        "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
633        "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
634        "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
635        "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
636        "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
637        "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
638        "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
639        "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
640        "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
641        "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
642        "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
643        "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
644        "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
645        "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
646        "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
647        "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
648        "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
649        "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
650        "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
651        "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
652        "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
653        "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
654        "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
655        "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
656        "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
657        "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
658        "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
659        "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
660        "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
661        "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
662        "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
663        "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
664        "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
665        "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
666        "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
667        "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
668        "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
669        "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
670        "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
671        "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
672        "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
673        "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
674        "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
675        "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
676        "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
677        "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
678        "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
679        "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
680        "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
681        "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
682        "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
683        "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
684        "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
685        "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
686        "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
687        "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
688        "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
689        "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
690        "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
691        "date", // date dot Date Limited
692        "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
693        "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
694        "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
695        "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
696        "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
697        "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
698        "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
699        "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
700        "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
701        "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
702        "dell", // dell Dell Inc.
703        "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
704        "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
705        "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
706        "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
707        "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
708        "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
709        "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
710        "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
711        "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
712        "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
713        "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
714        "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
715        "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
716        "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
717        "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
718        "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
719        "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
720        "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
721        "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
722        "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
723        "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
724//        "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
725        "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
726//        "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
727        "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
728//            "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired)
729        "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
730        "download", // download dot Support Limited
731        "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
732        "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
733        "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
734        "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
735        "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
736//        "duns", // duns The Dun &amp; Bradstreet Corporation
737        "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
738        "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
739        "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
740        "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
741        "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
742        "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
743        "eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
744        "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
745        "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
746        "education", // education Brice Way, LLC
747        "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
748        "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
749        "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
750        "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
751        "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
752        "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
753//        "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG
754        "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
755        "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
756        "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
757        "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
758        "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
759        "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
760        // "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
761        "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunic
762        "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
763        "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
764        "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
765//        "everbank", // everbank EverBank
766        "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
767        "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
768        "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
769        "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
770        "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
771        "fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
772        "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
773        "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
774        "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
775        "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
776        "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
777        "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
778        "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
779        "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
780        "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
781        "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
782        "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
783        "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
784        "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
785        "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
786        "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
787        "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
788        "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
789        "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
790        "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
791        "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
792        "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
793        "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
794        "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
795        "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
796        "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
797        "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
798        "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
799        "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
800        "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
801        "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
802        "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
803        "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
804        "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
805//        "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22
806        "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
807        "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
808        "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
809        "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
810        "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
811        "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
812        "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
813        "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
814        "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
815        "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
816        "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
817        "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
818        "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
819        "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
820        "frogans", // frogans OP3FT
821        "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
822        "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
823        "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
824        "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
825        "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
826        "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
827        "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
828        "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
829        "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
830        "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
831        "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
832        "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
833        "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
834        "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
835        "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
836        "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
837        "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
838        "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
839        "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC
840        "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
841        "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
842        "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
843        "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
844        "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
845        "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
846        "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
847        "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
848        "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
849        "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
850        "giving", // giving Giving Limited
851        "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
852        "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
853        "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
854        "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
855        "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
856        "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
857        "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
858        "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
859        "gmx", // gmx 1&amp;1 Mail &amp; Media GmbH
860        "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
861        "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
862        "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
863        "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
864        "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
865//        "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
866        "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
867        "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
868        "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
869        "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
870        "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
871        "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
872        "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
873        "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
874        "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
875        "green", // green Afilias Limited
876        "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
877        "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
878        "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
879        "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
880        "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
881        "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
882        "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
883        "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
884        "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
885        "hair", // hair L&#39;Oreal
886        "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
887        "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
888        "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
889        "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
890        "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
891        "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
892        "health", // health DotHealth, LLC
893        "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
894        "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
895        "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
896        "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
897        "hermes", // hermes Hermes International
898        "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
899        "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
900        "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
901        "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
902        "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
903        "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
904        "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
905        "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
906        "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
907        "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
908        "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
909        "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
910        "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
911        "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
912//        "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC
913        "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
914        "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
915        "host", // host DotHost Inc.
916        "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
917        "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
918        "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
919        "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V.
920        "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
921        "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
922        "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
923        "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
924//        "htc", // htc HTC corporation (Not assigned)
925        "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
926        "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
927        "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
928        "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
929        "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
930        "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
931        "icu", // icu One.com A/S
932        "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
933        "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
934//        "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired)
935        "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
936        "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
937        "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
938        "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
939        "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
940        "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc.
941        "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
942        "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
943        "info", // info Afilias Limited
944        "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
945        "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
946        "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
947        "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
948        "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
949        "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
950        "intel", // intel Intel Corporation
951        "international", // international Wild Way, LLC
952        "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
953        "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
954        "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
955        "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
956//        "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd
957        "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
958        "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
959        "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
960        "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
961        "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
962        "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
963//        "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc.
964        "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
965        "java", // java Oracle Corporation
966        "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
967        "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
968        "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
969        "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
970        "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
971        "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
972//        "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc.
973        "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
974        "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
975        "jnj", // jnj Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
976        "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
977        "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
978        "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
979        "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
980        "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
981        "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
982        "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
983        "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
984        "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
985        "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
986        "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
987        "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
988        "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
989        "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
990        "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
991        "kim", // kim Afilias Limited
992        "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
993        "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
994        "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
995        "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
996        "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
997        "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
998        "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
999        "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
1000        "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
1001        "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
1002        "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
1003        "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1004        "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
1005        "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D&#39;ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
1006//        "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
1007        "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
1008        "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
1009        "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
1010        "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
1011//        "lancome", // lancome L&#39;Oréal
1012        "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
1013        "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
1014        "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
1015        "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
1016        "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
1017        "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
1018        "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
1019        "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
1020        "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1021        "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
1022        "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
1023        "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
1024        "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
1025        "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
1026        "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
1027        "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
1028        "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
1029//        "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
1030        "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1031        "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
1032        "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
1033        "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1034        "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
1035        "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1036        "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
1037        "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
1038        "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
1039        "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
1040        "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
1041        "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
1042        "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
1043        "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1044        "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1045        "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
1046        "llc", // llc Afilias plc
1047        "llp", // llp Dot Registry LLC
1048        "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
1049        "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
1050        "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
1051        "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
1052        "loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
1053        "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
1054        "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
1055        "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
1056        "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
1057        "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
1058        "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
1059        "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
1060        "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
1061        "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
1062        "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
1063        "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
1064        "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1065        "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
1066        "macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
1067        "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
1068        "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
1069        "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
1070        "makeup", // makeup L&#39;Oréal
1071        "man", // man MAN SE
1072        "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
1073        "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
1074        "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1075        "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
1076        "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
1077        "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
1078        "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
1079        "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
1080        "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
1081        "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
1082        "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
1083//        "mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
1084//        "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
1085        "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
1086        "med", // med Medistry LLC
1087        "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
1088        "meet", // meet Afilias Limited
1089        "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation
1090        "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1091        "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
1092        "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
1093        "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
1094//        "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
1095        "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
1096        "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
1097        "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1098        "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
1099        "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
1100        "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
1101        "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
1102        "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1103        "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
1104        "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
1105        "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
1106        "mma", // mma MMA IARD
1107        "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
1108        "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
1109//        "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
1110        "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1111        "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
1112        "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1113        "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
1114        "monash", // monash Monash University
1115        "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
1116        "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
1117//        "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
1118//        "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
1119        "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC (&quot;Applicant&quot;)
1120        "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1121        "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
1122        "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
1123        "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
1124        "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1125        "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
1126//        "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
1127        "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
1128        "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
1129//        "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (Retired)
1130        "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
1131        "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
1132        "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
1133//        "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired)
1134        "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
1135//        "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
1136        "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
1137        "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
1138        "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
1139        "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
1140        "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1141        "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC
1142        "nec", // nec NEC Corporation
1143        "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services
1144        "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
1145        "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc.
1146        "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC
1147        "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc.
1148        "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1149        "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V.
1150        "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1151        "next", // next Next plc
1152        "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc
1153        "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1154        "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC
1155        "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry
1156        "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
1157        "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd.
1158        "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc.
1159        "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION
1160        "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1161        "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
1162        "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company
1163        "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation
1164        "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC
1165        "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation
1166        "now", // now Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1167        "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1168        "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited
1169        "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC.
1170        "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH
1171        "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
1172        "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology &amp; Telecommunications
1173        "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE &amp; Co. KGaA
1174        "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
1175        "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1176        "office", // office Microsoft Corporation
1177        "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc.
1178        "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH
1179        "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH
1180        "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc.
1181        "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation
1182        "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd
1183        "one", // one One.com A/S
1184        "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry
1185        "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1186        "online", // online DotOnline Inc.
1187        "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
1188        "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED
1189        "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
1190        "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation
1191        "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited
1192        "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR)
1193        "organic", // organic Afilias Limited
1194//        "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express (retired 2017-04-11)
1195        "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
1196        "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd.
1197        "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
1198        "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation
1199        "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS
1200        "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1201//        "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. (Not assigned)
1202        "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation
1203//        "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc.
1204        "paris", // paris City of Paris
1205        "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1206        "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC
1207        "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC
1208        "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited
1209        "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL
1210        "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1211        "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited
1212        "pet", // pet Afilias plc
1213        "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc.
1214        "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
1215        "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1216        "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1217        "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation
1218        "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp.
1219        "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC
1220        "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC
1221        "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd
1222//        "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc.
1223        "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp.
1224        "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A.
1225        "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC
1226        "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
1227        "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1228        "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc.
1229        "pink", // pink Afilias Limited
1230        "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation
1231        "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC
1232        "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC
1233        "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1234        "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
1235        "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC
1236        "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC
1237        "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC
1238        "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1239        "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited
1240        "politie", // politie Politie Nederland
1241        "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC
1242        "post", // post Universal Postal Union
1243        "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc.
1244        "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A.
1245        "press", // press DotPress Inc.
1246        "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1247        "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro
1248        "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1249        "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC
1250        "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1251        "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
1252        "promo", // promo Afilias plc
1253        "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC
1254        "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp.
1255        "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC
1256        "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc.
1257        "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc.
1258        "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1259        "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
1260        "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc.
1261        "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc
1262        "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited
1263        "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc.
1264        "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited
1265        "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1266        "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1267        "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1268        "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC
1269        "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC
1270        "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC
1271        "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC
1272        "red", // red Afilias Limited
1273        "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd.
1274        "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC
1275        "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1276        "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC
1277        "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC
1278        "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc.
1279        "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited
1280        "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd.
1281        "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC
1282        "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC
1283        "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC
1284        "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC
1285        "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1286        "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
1287        "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC
1288        "review", // review dot Review Limited
1289        "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
1290        "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH
1291        "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1292        "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited
1293        "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd.
1294        // "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. (retired 2020-07-31)
1295        "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited
1296        "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO
1297        "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1298        "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
1299        "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
1300        "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD.
1301        "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1302        "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
1303        "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1304        "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1305        "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited
1306        "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1307        "run", // run Snow Park, LLC
1308        "rwe", // rwe RWE AG
1309        "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc.
1310        "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH
1311        "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1312        "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC.
1313        "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc.
1314        "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1315        "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC
1316        "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1317        "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1318        "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB
1319        "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB
1320        "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi
1321        "sap", // sap SAP AG
1322//        "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
1323        "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC
1324        "sas", // sas Research IP LLC
1325        "save", // save Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1326        "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S
1327        "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA
1328        "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION
1329        "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ)
1330        "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited (&quot;SCB&quot;)
1331        "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG &amp; Co. KG
1332        "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S.
1333        "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC
1334        "school", // school Little Galley, LLC
1335        "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC
1336        "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1337        "science", // science dot Science Limited
1338        "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1339        // "scor", // scor SCOR SE (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
1340        "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited
1341        "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1342        "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal)
1343        "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1344        "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC
1345        "seek", // seek Seek Limited
1346        "select", // select iSelect Ltd
1347        "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.
1348        "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC
1349        "ses", // ses SES
1350        "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd
1351        "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH &amp; Co KG
1352        "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC
1353        "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp.
1354        "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR
1355        "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1356        "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation
1357        "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P.
1358        "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc
1359        "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1360        "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited
1361        "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC
1362        "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc.
1363        "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC
1364        "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1365        "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC
1366        "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc.
1367        "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd.
1368        "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1369        "sina", // sina Sina Corporation
1370        "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC
1371        "site", // site DotSite Inc.
1372        "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED
1373        "skin", // skin L&#39;Oréal
1374        "sky", // sky Sky International AG
1375        "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation
1376        "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
1377        "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART)
1378        "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1379        "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais)
1380        "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC
1381        "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1382        "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp.
1383        "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1384        "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited
1385        "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC
1386        "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC
1387        "song", // song Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1388        "sony", // sony Sony Corporation
1389        "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1390        "space", // space DotSpace Inc.
1391//        "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1392        "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
1393        "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1394        "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD
1395        "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp.
1396//        "srt", // srt FCA US LLC.
1397        "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG
1398        "staples", // staples Staples, Inc.
1399        "star", // star Star India Private Limited
1400//        "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited
1401        "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA
1402        "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
1403//        "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA
1404        "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company
1405        "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company
1406        "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun
1407        "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC
1408        "store", // store DotStore Inc.
1409        "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited
1410        "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1411        "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
1412        "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC
1413        "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd.
1414        "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC
1415        "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC
1416        "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC
1417        "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1418        "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC
1419        "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION
1420        "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd
1421        "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited
1422        "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation
1423        "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet
1424//        "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1425        "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC
1426        "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited
1427        "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government
1428        "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1429        "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1430        "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC
1431        "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd
1432        "tatar", // tatar LLC "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic"
1433        "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp.
1434        "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC
1435        "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC
1436        "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1437        "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation
1438        "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC
1439        "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC
1440        "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC
1441        "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd.
1442//        "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited
1443//        "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A.
1444        "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1445        "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC
1446        "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
1447        "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc.
1448        "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC
1449        "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC
1450        "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
1451        "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited
1452        "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC
1453        "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company
1454        "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC
1455        "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC
1456        "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH
1457        "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1458        "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1459        "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1460        "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1461        "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC
1462        "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc.
1463        "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC
1464        "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science &amp; Technology Co.,Ltd.
1465        "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc.
1466        "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation
1467        "total", // total Total SA
1468        "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC
1469        "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC
1470        "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
1471        "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC
1472        "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited
1473        "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD
1474        "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC
1475        "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC.
1476        "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1477        "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC
1478        "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC
1479        "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc
1480        "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC
1481        "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC
1482        "tui", // tui TUI AG
1483        "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1484        "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1485        "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR  &amp; SONS PRIVATE LIMITED
1486        "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited
1487        "ubs", // ubs UBS AG
1488//        "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC.
1489        "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1490        "university", // university Little Station, LLC
1491        "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC
1492        "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA.
1493        "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc.
1494        "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC
1495        "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1496        "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc.
1497        "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc.
1498        "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC
1499        "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc.
1500        "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH
1501        "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1502        "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC
1503        "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1504        "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
1505        "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
1506        "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC
1507        "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC
1508        "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited
1509        "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited
1510        "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited
1511        "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC
1512//        "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited
1513//        "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited
1514        "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company
1515        "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A.
1516        "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw
1517        "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1518        "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc.
1519        "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag
1520        "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC
1521        "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp.
1522        "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC
1523        "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC
1524        "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL
1525        "wales", // wales Nominet UK
1526        "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1527        "walter", // walter Sandvik AB
1528        "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited
1529        "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1530//        "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited
1531        "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC
1532        "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc.
1533        "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC
1534        "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC
1535        "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited
1536        "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA
1537        "website", // website DotWebsite Inc.
1538        "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc.
1539        "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1540        "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation
1541        "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited
1542        "whoswho", // whoswho Who&#39;s Who Registry
1543        "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH
1544        "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC
1545        "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited
1546        "win", // win First Registry Limited
1547        "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation
1548        "wine", // wine June Station, LLC
1549        "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc.
1550        "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC
1551        "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V.
1552        "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited
1553        "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1554        "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC
1555        "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC
1556        "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1557        "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc.
1558        "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC
1559        "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation
1560        "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC
1561        "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
1562        "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1563        "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited
1564        "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl
1565        "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1566        "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1567        "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited
1568        "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited
1569        "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1570        "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
1571        "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl
1572        "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl
1573        "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited
1574        "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment
1575        "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1576        "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1577        "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1578        "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited
1579        "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited
1580        "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited
1581        "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
1582        "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1583        "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association
1584        "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association
1585        "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1586        "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc)
1587        "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl
1588        "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED
1589        "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation
1590        "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1591        "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1592        "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry
1593        "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl
1594        "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1595        "xn--cckwcxetd", // アマゾン Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1596        "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1597        "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED
1598        "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC
1599        "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited
1600        "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet”
1601        "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1602        "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社
1603//        "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
1604        "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1605        "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl
1606        "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1607        "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation
1608        "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC
1609        "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1610        "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited
1611        "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited
1612        "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1613        "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1614        "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited
1615        "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry
1616        "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED
1617        "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1618        "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl
1619        "xn--jlq480n2rg", // 亚马逊 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1620        "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation
1621        "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1622        "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1623//        "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1624        "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd
1625        "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company
1626        "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH
1627        "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)
1628        "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association
1629//        "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
1630        "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
1631        "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1632        "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1633        "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl
1634        "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd.
1635        "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd.
1636        "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House
1637        "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States
1638        "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry
1639        "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry
1640        "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited
1641        "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited
1642        "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited
1643//        "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1644        "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl
1645        "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1646        "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1647        "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited
1648        "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1649        "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd
1650        "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl
1651        "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl
1652        "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1653        "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC
1654        "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1655        "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1656        "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC
1657        "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd.
1658        "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1659        "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1660        "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1661        "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1662//        "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB
1663        "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC
1664        "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC
1665        "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC
1666        "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
1667        "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1668        "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC
1669        "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
1670        "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1671        "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc.
1672        "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1673        "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1674        "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1675        "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1676        "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.)
1677        "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1678        "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1679//        "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company
1680        "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC
1681        "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich)
1682};
1683
1684    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1685    private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = new String[] {
1686        // Taken from Version 2020051000, Last Updated Sun May 10 07:07:01 2020 UTC
1687        "ac",                 // Ascension Island
1688        "ad",                 // Andorra
1689        "ae",                 // United Arab Emirates
1690        "af",                 // Afghanistan
1691        "ag",                 // Antigua and Barbuda
1692        "ai",                 // Anguilla
1693        "al",                 // Albania
1694        "am",                 // Armenia
1695//        "an",                 // Netherlands Antilles (retired)
1696        "ao",                 // Angola
1697        "aq",                 // Antarctica
1698        "ar",                 // Argentina
1699        "as",                 // American Samoa
1700        "at",                 // Austria
1701        "au",                 // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands)
1702        "aw",                 // Aruba
1703        "ax",                 // Åland
1704        "az",                 // Azerbaijan
1705        "ba",                 // Bosnia and Herzegovina
1706        "bb",                 // Barbados
1707        "bd",                 // Bangladesh
1708        "be",                 // Belgium
1709        "bf",                 // Burkina Faso
1710        "bg",                 // Bulgaria
1711        "bh",                 // Bahrain
1712        "bi",                 // Burundi
1713        "bj",                 // Benin
1714        "bm",                 // Bermuda
1715        "bn",                 // Brunei Darussalam
1716        "bo",                 // Bolivia
1717        "br",                 // Brazil
1718        "bs",                 // Bahamas
1719        "bt",                 // Bhutan
1720        "bv",                 // Bouvet Island
1721        "bw",                 // Botswana
1722        "by",                 // Belarus
1723        "bz",                 // Belize
1724        "ca",                 // Canada
1725        "cc",                 // Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1726        "cd",                 // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
1727        "cf",                 // Central African Republic
1728        "cg",                 // Republic of the Congo
1729        "ch",                 // Switzerland
1730        "ci",                 // Côte d'Ivoire
1731        "ck",                 // Cook Islands
1732        "cl",                 // Chile
1733        "cm",                 // Cameroon
1734        "cn",                 // China, mainland
1735        "co",                 // Colombia
1736        "cr",                 // Costa Rica
1737        "cu",                 // Cuba
1738        "cv",                 // Cape Verde
1739        "cw",                 // Curaçao
1740        "cx",                 // Christmas Island
1741        "cy",                 // Cyprus
1742        "cz",                 // Czech Republic
1743        "de",                 // Germany
1744        "dj",                 // Djibouti
1745        "dk",                 // Denmark
1746        "dm",                 // Dominica
1747        "do",                 // Dominican Republic
1748        "dz",                 // Algeria
1749        "ec",                 // Ecuador
1750        "ee",                 // Estonia
1751        "eg",                 // Egypt
1752        "er",                 // Eritrea
1753        "es",                 // Spain
1754        "et",                 // Ethiopia
1755        "eu",                 // European Union
1756        "fi",                 // Finland
1757        "fj",                 // Fiji
1758        "fk",                 // Falkland Islands
1759        "fm",                 // Federated States of Micronesia
1760        "fo",                 // Faroe Islands
1761        "fr",                 // France
1762        "ga",                 // Gabon
1763        "gb",                 // Great Britain (United Kingdom)
1764        "gd",                 // Grenada
1765        "ge",                 // Georgia
1766        "gf",                 // French Guiana
1767        "gg",                 // Guernsey
1768        "gh",                 // Ghana
1769        "gi",                 // Gibraltar
1770        "gl",                 // Greenland
1771        "gm",                 // The Gambia
1772        "gn",                 // Guinea
1773        "gp",                 // Guadeloupe
1774        "gq",                 // Equatorial Guinea
1775        "gr",                 // Greece
1776        "gs",                 // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1777        "gt",                 // Guatemala
1778        "gu",                 // Guam
1779        "gw",                 // Guinea-Bissau
1780        "gy",                 // Guyana
1781        "hk",                 // Hong Kong
1782        "hm",                 // Heard Island and McDonald Islands
1783        "hn",                 // Honduras
1784        "hr",                 // Croatia (Hrvatska)
1785        "ht",                 // Haiti
1786        "hu",                 // Hungary
1787        "id",                 // Indonesia
1788        "ie",                 // Ireland (Éire)
1789        "il",                 // Israel
1790        "im",                 // Isle of Man
1791        "in",                 // India
1792        "io",                 // British Indian Ocean Territory
1793        "iq",                 // Iraq
1794        "ir",                 // Iran
1795        "is",                 // Iceland
1796        "it",                 // Italy
1797        "je",                 // Jersey
1798        "jm",                 // Jamaica
1799        "jo",                 // Jordan
1800        "jp",                 // Japan
1801        "ke",                 // Kenya
1802        "kg",                 // Kyrgyzstan
1803        "kh",                 // Cambodia (Khmer)
1804        "ki",                 // Kiribati
1805        "km",                 // Comoros
1806        "kn",                 // Saint Kitts and Nevis
1807        "kp",                 // North Korea
1808        "kr",                 // South Korea
1809        "kw",                 // Kuwait
1810        "ky",                 // Cayman Islands
1811        "kz",                 // Kazakhstan
1812        "la",                 // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles)
1813        "lb",                 // Lebanon
1814        "lc",                 // Saint Lucia
1815        "li",                 // Liechtenstein
1816        "lk",                 // Sri Lanka
1817        "lr",                 // Liberia
1818        "ls",                 // Lesotho
1819        "lt",                 // Lithuania
1820        "lu",                 // Luxembourg
1821        "lv",                 // Latvia
1822        "ly",                 // Libya
1823        "ma",                 // Morocco
1824        "mc",                 // Monaco
1825        "md",                 // Moldova
1826        "me",                 // Montenegro
1827        "mg",                 // Madagascar
1828        "mh",                 // Marshall Islands
1829        "mk",                 // Republic of Macedonia
1830        "ml",                 // Mali
1831        "mm",                 // Myanmar
1832        "mn",                 // Mongolia
1833        "mo",                 // Macau
1834        "mp",                 // Northern Mariana Islands
1835        "mq",                 // Martinique
1836        "mr",                 // Mauritania
1837        "ms",                 // Montserrat
1838        "mt",                 // Malta
1839        "mu",                 // Mauritius
1840        "mv",                 // Maldives
1841        "mw",                 // Malawi
1842        "mx",                 // Mexico
1843        "my",                 // Malaysia
1844        "mz",                 // Mozambique
1845        "na",                 // Namibia
1846        "nc",                 // New Caledonia
1847        "ne",                 // Niger
1848        "nf",                 // Norfolk Island
1849        "ng",                 // Nigeria
1850        "ni",                 // Nicaragua
1851        "nl",                 // Netherlands
1852        "no",                 // Norway
1853        "np",                 // Nepal
1854        "nr",                 // Nauru
1855        "nu",                 // Niue
1856        "nz",                 // New Zealand
1857        "om",                 // Oman
1858        "pa",                 // Panama
1859        "pe",                 // Peru
1860        "pf",                 // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island
1861        "pg",                 // Papua New Guinea
1862        "ph",                 // Philippines
1863        "pk",                 // Pakistan
1864        "pl",                 // Poland
1865        "pm",                 // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
1866        "pn",                 // Pitcairn Islands
1867        "pr",                 // Puerto Rico
1868        "ps",                 // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip)
1869        "pt",                 // Portugal
1870        "pw",                 // Palau
1871        "py",                 // Paraguay
1872        "qa",                 // Qatar
1873        "re",                 // Réunion
1874        "ro",                 // Romania
1875        "rs",                 // Serbia
1876        "ru",                 // Russia
1877        "rw",                 // Rwanda
1878        "sa",                 // Saudi Arabia
1879        "sb",                 // Solomon Islands
1880        "sc",                 // Seychelles
1881        "sd",                 // Sudan
1882        "se",                 // Sweden
1883        "sg",                 // Singapore
1884        "sh",                 // Saint Helena
1885        "si",                 // Slovenia
1886        "sj",                 // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no)
1887        "sk",                 // Slovakia
1888        "sl",                 // Sierra Leone
1889        "sm",                 // San Marino
1890        "sn",                 // Senegal
1891        "so",                 // Somalia
1892        "sr",                 // Suriname
1893        "ss",                 // ss National Communication Authority (NCA)
1894        "st",                 // São Tomé and Príncipe
1895        "su",                 // Soviet Union (deprecated)
1896        "sv",                 // El Salvador
1897        "sx",                 // Sint Maarten
1898        "sy",                 // Syria
1899        "sz",                 // Swaziland
1900        "tc",                 // Turks and Caicos Islands
1901        "td",                 // Chad
1902        "tf",                 // French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1903        "tg",                 // Togo
1904        "th",                 // Thailand
1905        "tj",                 // Tajikistan
1906        "tk",                 // Tokelau
1907        "tl",                 // East Timor (deprecated old code)
1908        "tm",                 // Turkmenistan
1909        "tn",                 // Tunisia
1910        "to",                 // Tonga
1911//        "tp",                 // East Timor (Retired)
1912        "tr",                 // Turkey
1913        "tt",                 // Trinidad and Tobago
1914        "tv",                 // Tuvalu
1915        "tw",                 // Taiwan, Republic of China
1916        "tz",                 // Tanzania
1917        "ua",                 // Ukraine
1918        "ug",                 // Uganda
1919        "uk",                 // United Kingdom
1920        "us",                 // United States of America
1921        "uy",                 // Uruguay
1922        "uz",                 // Uzbekistan
1923        "va",                 // Vatican City State
1924        "vc",                 // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1925        "ve",                 // Venezuela
1926        "vg",                 // British Virgin Islands
1927        "vi",                 // U.S. Virgin Islands
1928        "vn",                 // Vietnam
1929        "vu",                 // Vanuatu
1930        "wf",                 // Wallis and Futuna
1931        "ws",                 // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa)
1932        "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India
1933        "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet &amp; Security Agency)
1934        "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India
1935        "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India
1936        "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India
1937        "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division
1938        "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan
1939        "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS)
1940        "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc.
1941        "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1942        "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje
1943        "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl
1944        "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center
1945        "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center
1946        "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India
1947        "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry
1948        "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India
1949        "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India
1950        "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India
1951        "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India
1952        "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc.
1953        "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd.
1954        "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1955        "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1956        "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd
1957        "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST
1958        "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1959        "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)
1960        "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1961        "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya
1962        "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation
1963        "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC)
1964        "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India
1965        "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India
1966        "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)
1967        "xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a", // البحرين Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1968        "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission
1969        "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India
1970        "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society
1971        "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC)
1972        "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad
1973        "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT)
1974        "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC)
1975        "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation
1976        "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS)
1977        "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU
1978        "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d&#39;Internet
1979        "xn--q7ce6a", // ລາວ Lao National Internet Center (LANIC)
1980        "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl
1981        "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR
1982        "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India
1983        "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India
1984        "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA
1985        "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority
1986        "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry
1987        "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India
1988        "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society
1989        "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1990        "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom &amp; Information Technology (MTIT)
1991        "ye",                 // Yemen
1992        "yt",                 // Mayotte
1993        "za",                 // South Africa
1994        "zm",                 // Zambia
1995        "zw",                 // Zimbabwe
1996    };
1997
1998    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1999    private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = new String[] {
2000       "localdomain",         // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain
2001       "localhost",           // RFC2606 defined
2002    };
2003
2004    // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones.
2005    // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys
2006
2007    /*
2008     * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called.
2009     * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called.
2010     * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from
2011     * synchronized methods. 
2012     */
2013    private static boolean inUse = false;
2014
2015    /*
2016     * These arrays are mutable.
2017     * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and readers must first get an instance
2018     * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised.
2019     * The only other access is via getTLDEntries which is now synchronised.
2020     */
2021    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
2022    private static String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
2023
2024    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
2025    private static String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
2026
2027    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
2028    private static String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
2029
2030    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
2031    private static String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
2032
2033    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
2034    private static String[] localTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
2035
2036    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
2037    private static String[] localTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
2038
2039    /**
2040     * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])}
2041     * to determine which override array to update / fetch
2042     * @since 1.5.0
2043     * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references
2044     */
2045    public enum ArrayType {
2046        /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */
2047        GENERIC_PLUS,
2048        /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */
2049        GENERIC_MINUS,
2050        /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */
2051        COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS,
2052        /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */
2053        COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS,
2054        /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */
2055        GENERIC_RO,
2056        /** Get a copy of the country code table */
2057        COUNTRY_CODE_RO,
2058        /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */
2059        INFRASTRUCTURE_RO,
2060        /** Get a copy of the local table */
2061        LOCAL_RO,
2062        /** 
2063         * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional local TLDs 
2064         * @since 1.7
2065         */
2066        LOCAL_PLUS,
2067        /**
2068         * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted local TLDs
2069         * @since 1.7
2070         */
2071        LOCAL_MINUS
2072        ;
2073    }
2074
2075    /**
2076     * Used to specify overrides when creating a new class.
2077     * @since 1.7
2078     */
2079    public static class Item {
2080        final ArrayType type;
2081        final String[] values;
2082        /**
2083         * 
2084         * @param type ArrayType, e.g. GENERIC_PLUS, LOCAL_PLUS
2085         * @param values array of TLDs. Will be lower-cased and sorted
2086         */
2087        public Item(ArrayType type, String[] values) {
2088            this.type = type;
2089            this.values = values; // no need to copy here
2090        }
2091    }
2092
2093    /**
2094     * Update one of the TLD override arrays.
2095     * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance.
2096     * <p>
2097     * For example:
2098     * <p>
2099     * {@code DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})}
2100     * <p>
2101     * To clear an override array, provide an empty array.
2102     *
2103     * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType}
2104     * Must be one of the following
2105     * <ul>
2106     * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li>
2107     * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li>
2108     * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li>
2109     * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li>
2110     * <li>LOCAL_MINUS</li>
2111     * <li>LOCAL_PLUS</li>
2112     * </ul>
2113     * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null
2114     * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance
2115     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested
2116     * @since 1.5.0
2117     */
2118    public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String [] tlds) {
2119        if (inUse) {
2120            throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance");
2121        }
2122        String [] copy = new String[tlds.length];
2123        // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
2124        for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) {
2125            copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
2126        }
2127        Arrays.sort(copy);
2128        switch(table) {
2129        case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
2130            countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy;
2131            break;
2132        case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2133            countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy;
2134            break;
2135        case GENERIC_MINUS:
2136            genericTLDsMinus = copy;
2137            break;
2138        case GENERIC_PLUS:
2139            genericTLDsPlus = copy;
2140            break;
2141        case LOCAL_MINUS:
2142            localTLDsMinus = copy;
2143            break;
2144        case LOCAL_PLUS:
2145            localTLDsPlus = copy;
2146            break;
2147        case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
2148        case GENERIC_RO:
2149        case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
2150        case LOCAL_RO:
2151            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table);
2152        default:
2153            throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2154        }
2155    }
2156
2157    /**
2158     * Get a copy of a class level internal array.
2159     * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
2160     * @return a copy of the array
2161     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen)
2162     * @since 1.5.1
2163     */
2164    public static synchronized String [] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) {
2165        final String[] array;
2166        switch(table) {
2167        case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
2168            array = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2169            break;
2170        case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2171            array = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2172            break;
2173        case GENERIC_MINUS:
2174            array = genericTLDsMinus;
2175            break;
2176        case GENERIC_PLUS:
2177            array = genericTLDsPlus;
2178            break;
2179        case LOCAL_MINUS:
2180            array = localTLDsMinus;
2181            break;
2182        case LOCAL_PLUS:
2183            array = localTLDsPlus;
2184            break;
2185        case GENERIC_RO:
2186            array = GENERIC_TLDS;
2187            break;
2188        case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
2189            array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS;
2190            break;
2191        case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
2192            array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS;
2193            break;
2194        case LOCAL_RO:
2195            array = LOCAL_TLDS;
2196            break;
2197        default:
2198            throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2199        }
2200        return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
2201    }
2202
2203    /**
2204     * Get a copy of an instance level internal array.
2205     * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
2206     * @return a copy of the array
2207     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected, e.g. GENERIC_RO
2208     * @since 1.7
2209     */
2210    public String [] getOverrides(ArrayType table) {
2211        final String[] array;
2212        switch(table) {
2213        case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
2214            array = mycountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2215            break;
2216        case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2217            array = mycountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2218            break;
2219        case GENERIC_MINUS:
2220            array = mygenericTLDsMinus;
2221            break;
2222        case GENERIC_PLUS:
2223            array = mygenericTLDsPlus;
2224            break;
2225        case LOCAL_MINUS:
2226            array = mylocalTLDsMinus;
2227            break;
2228        case LOCAL_PLUS:
2229            array = mylocalTLDsPlus;
2230            break;
2231        default:
2232            throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2233        }
2234        return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
2235    }
2236    /**
2237     * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode.
2238     * If conversion fails, returns the original input.
2239     * 
2240     * @param input the string to convert, not null
2241     * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails
2242     */
2243    // Needed by UrlValidator
2244    static String unicodeToASCII(String input) {
2245        if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing
2246            return input;
2247        }
2248        try {
2249            final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);
2250            if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {
2251                return ascii;
2252            }
2253            final int length = input.length();
2254            if (length == 0) {// check there is a last character
2255                return input;
2256            }
2257            // RFC3490 3.1. 1)
2258            //            Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following
2259            //            characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002
2260            //            (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61
2261            //            (halfwidth ideographic full stop).
2262            char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1);// fetch original last char
2263            switch(lastChar) {
2264                case '\u002E': // "." full stop
2265                case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop
2266                case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop
2267                case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop
2268                    return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop
2269                default:
2270                    return ascii;
2271            }
2272        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid
2273            return input;
2274        }
2275    }
2276
2277    private static class IDNBUGHOLDER {
2278        private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {
2279            final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name
2280            return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));
2281        }
2282        private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();
2283    }
2284
2285    /*
2286     * Check if input contains only ASCII
2287     * Treats null as all ASCII
2288     */
2289    private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) {
2290        if (input == null) {
2291            return true;
2292        }
2293        for(int i=0; i < input.length(); i++) {
2294            if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
2295                return false;
2296            }
2297        }
2298        return true;
2299    }
2300
2301    /**
2302     * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key
2303     *
2304     * @param sortedArray the array to search
2305     * @param key the key to find
2306     * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key
2307     */
2308    private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) {
2309        return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0;
2310    }
2311}